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Greek Mythology
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Cadmus, the founder of Thebes
11-05-2013 17:37Cadmus is the legendary founder of the city of Thebes in Boeotia and has been accredited with the introduction of the Phoenician Alphabet to the ancient Greeks. Kadmos is a descendant of the noble family of the Inachids, son of Agenor, cousin to Danaos of Argos and brother to Cilix, Phoenix and Europa.
Kadmos was born in Libya, but as soon as his sister Europa was abducted by Zeus, Cadmos and his brothers were ordered by their father on her quest, being told not to return home until they had found her.
Kilix stayed at the southeastern part of Asia Minor, known thereafter as Cilicia (Kilikia). Phoinix settled in Phoenicia in North Africa. Kadmos set off with his brother Thassos and their mother Telephassa and it is said that the three of them were initiated in the Kabeiria in Samothrace. Telephassa died at some point of the quest and Thassos decided to give up and settled on the island off the Thracian coast that bear his name ever since.
Kadmos decided to consult the Delphic oracle about the location of his sister. He was told that he should not search for Europa no further, but he should follow a cow until it sank down exhausted on its right flank. At this spot he should found a new city. Kadmos did as he was told and after reaching his goal he would sacrifice the cow to the gods. To perform the ritual, he needed some water, so he sent some of his companions. The spring was sacred to Ares, god of war and was guarded by a fearsome dragon that killed all of Kadmos’ companions.
On receiving the news, Cadmus set off to kill the dragon and stabbed it. Following the advice given by Athena, Kadmos collected the teeth of the dragon and sowed them in the ground. Out of them five armed men sprang up, named Spartoi (Sown Men) who found the families of the military caste of the new city and before founding the city Kadmos had to serve Ares for a year.
After his servitude, Ares was reconciled with Kadmos and Zeus gave him Harmonia as a wife, daughter of Ares and Aphrodite. Their wedding was much celebrated on Kadmeia, the citadel of Thebes, with all the Olympian gods descending from heaven to attend it, but they were destined to suffer many sorrows from their children.
Kadmos and Harmonia had a son, Polydoros, and four daughters, Ino, Semele, Agave and Autonoe. Polydoros was the founder of the future Labdakid dynasty, the family of Oedipus. Semele who had an affair with Zeus, was destructed by her own demand as she asked Zeus to visit her in his original divine form, while she was pregnant with his son Dionysos. She perished by his glory while Zeus managed to rescue the unborn child and sew it into his thigh until it was time for him to be born. Ino was driven by divine madness by Hera for having nursed infant Dionysos. Agave was incited by Dionysos to tear her son to pieces in order to punish him for not acknowledging his divinity. Autonoe gave birth to Aktaion, who died in horrifying circumstances.
Toward the end of their life, Kadmos and Harmonia left Thebes to live in exile in Illyria and is said to have been granted the privilege of living in the Elysian Fields, and after death Paradise for ancient Greeks.
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